Overview of Data Communication and Networking
Introduction:
Data communications Components, data representation, direction of data flow (simplex, half
duplex, full duplex).
Network Hardware: Physical structure (type of connection, topology), categories of
network (LAN, MAN, WAN).
Internet: Brief history, Protocols and standards, Reference models: OSI reference model,
properties of all the layers, TCP/IP reference model, their comparative study.
04hours
Physical Layer
Data & Signals: Analog & Digital Data and Signals, periodic and non-periodic signals,
composite signals, bandwidth, bit rate, transmission of digital signals.
Transmission Impairments: Attenuation, Distortion and Noise.
Data Rate Limits: Noiseless Channel: Nyquist Data rate, Noisy Channel: Shannon’s
Capacity, calculation of data rate using both limits.
Digital Transmission
Digital to Digital Conversion: Line coding, schemes (RZ, NRZ, Manchester, Differential
Manchester), block coding.
Analog to Digital Conversion: Sampling, Nyquist rate of sampling, Pulse code modulation
(PCM), Delta Modulation (DM), Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM), parallel and serial
transmission.
Analog Transmission
Digital to Analog: Amplitude shift keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase
Shift Keying (PSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
Analog to Analog Conversion:
Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), Phase Modulation.
12hours
Bandwidth Utilization Techniques
Multiplexing: FDM, Synchronous & Statistical TDM, WDM.
04hours
Transmission Medium
Guided media: Twisted pair, Coaxial, Fiber optics.
Unguided: Radio waves, microwaves, Infrared, Antenna, Communication satellites
(qualitative study only).
06hours
Switching and Telephone network
Circuit switched networks, Packet Switched networks, Virtual Circuit switch.
Major components of telephone network, Dial up modem, DSL and ADSL modems, Cable
TV for data transfer (qualitative study only)
04hours
Data link Layer:
Types of errors, framing (character and bit stuffing), error detection & correction methods,
Linear and cyclic codes, checksum.
Protocols: Stop & wait ARQ, Go-Back- N ARQ, Selective repeat ARQ, HDLC (qualitative
study only).
Physical addressing: MAC address and its format.
04hours
Medium Access sub layer
Point to Point Protocol, Token Ring: Reservation, Polling. Multiple access protocols: Pure
& Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA.
Channelization: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA (Qualitative study only).
Wired and Wireless LAN: Standards, fast Ethernet, Protocol 802.11, Bluetooth.
08hours
Network layer
Internetworking & devices: Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Router, Gateway,
Addressing: IP addressing, Subnetting, Routing techniques: static vs. dynamic routing ,
Protocols: RARP, ARP, IP, ICMP
11 hours
Transport layer
Process to Process delivery: UDP, TCP
03 hours
Application Layer
Introduction to DNS, Remote logging, FTP, Electronic mail, WWW & HTTP
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