UNIX COMMAND

1.Display all letters in the sentence in capital.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "i am a student" | tr " [ a-z ] " " [ A-Z ]"

I AM A STUDENT

[bgc@localhost ~]$

2. Display all letters in the sentence in small letter.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "i am a student" | tr " [ A-Z ] " " [ a-z ]"

i am a student

[bgc@localhost ~]$

3. Replace all the spaces in a sentence with new line.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "i am a student" | tr " " "\n"

i

am

a

student

[bgc@localhost ~]$

4.print all the word of a file in a line by line.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ cat > f20.txt

today is tuesday

i am a student

bhairab ganguly college

[bgc@localhost ~]$ cat f20.txt | tr " " "\n"

today

is

tuesday

i

am

a

student

bhairab

ganguly

college

[bgc@localhost ~]$

5. Replace all the ‘a’ in a file f20.txt with new line.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ cat f20.txt | tr "a" "\n"

tod

y is tuesd

y

i

m

student

bh

ir

b g

nguly college

[bgc@localhost ~]$

6.squeeze all spaces.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "i am a          student" | tr -s " "

i am a student

[bgc@localhost ~]$

7. Squeeze all excess ‘a’ in a line.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "aaaaa bbbbb a aaaaaa" | tr -s "a"

a bbbbb a a

[bgc@localhost ~]$

8. Squeeze all excess ‘a’ & ‘b’ in a line.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "aaaaa bbbbb a aaaaaa" | tr -s "a" | tr -s "b"

a b a a

[bgc@localhost ~]$

9. Squeeze all excess ‘a’ , ‘b’ & ‘c’ in a line.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "aaaaa bbbbb ccccc" | tr -s "a" | tr -s "b" | tr -s "c"

a b c

[bgc@localhost ~]$

10. Display only the 1st character in string.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "abcdef" | cut -c1

a

[bgc@localhost ~]$

11. Display only the 3rd character in string.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "abcdef" | cut -c3

c

[bgc@localhost ~]$

12. Display only the 5th character in string.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "abcdef" | cut -c5

e

[bgc@localhost ~]$

13. Display the 1st, 3rd, 5th & 6th characters in string.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "bhairab ganguly college" | cut -c 1,3,5,6

bara

[bgc@localhost ~]$

14. Display the 1st to 3rd, 5th to 9th & 11th characters in string.

[bgc@localhost ~]$ echo "bhairab ganguly college" | cut -c 1-3,5-9,11

bharab gn

[bgc@localhost ~]$