Candidates have to do their project in any relevant topic, under the supervision
of teachers.
Candidates have to do their project in any relevant topic, under the supervision
of teachers.
Finite Automata
Definition of a Finite Automaton, Model, Representation, Classification – with respect to
output function Mealy and Moore Machines, with respect to State Transition –
Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Machine, Examples, conversion algorithms Mealy
to Moore and Moore to Mealy, Finite and Infinite state machines, Finite Automaton,
Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Finite automaton, Non-Deterministic to equivalent
Deterministic Automaton-Optimized and Non-optimized technique ideas and algorithms,
Acceptability of String by a Finite Automaton.
15 hours
Formal Languages and Grammar
Introduction to Formal Grammar and Language, Chomsky’s Classification of Grammar –
Type-0, Type-1 or Context Sensitive, Type-2 or Context Free and Type-3 or Regular
Grammar, Illustration of each of these classes with example, Sentential form, Sentences –
Languages or strings, Derivations, Ambiguous Grammar and Language, Designing of
Grammar for a language, Find the Language for given Grammar, Definition and basic
idea about Push Down Automaton.
15 hours
Regular Expression:
Basic Idea and Definition, Regular Expression basic Identities, Arden’s Theorem –
Statement (without Proof) and application for reduction of equivalent regular expressions,
Regular expression to Finite Automata conversion, State Transition System to Regular
Expression conversion algorithm by Arden’s Algebraic Method, FA to Regular Grammar
and Regular Grammar to FA conversion algorithms and applications.
15 hours
Turing Machine
Concepts of Turing Machine, Formal Definitions, Classifications – Deterministic and
Non-Deterministic Turing Machines, Simple Design of Turing Machines: Odd / even
count and concepts of Universal Turing Machines, Difference and Similarities between
Turing Machine and a General Purpose Computer, Definition and significant of Halting
Problem in Turing Machine.
Introduction
Defining system, open and closed system, modeling of system through computer
hardware, communication systems, external agents and software systems; Importance of
Engineering Methodology towards computerization of a system.
03 hours
Software Life Cycle
Classical and Iterative Waterfall Model; Spiral Model; Prototype Model; Evolutionary
model and its importance towards application for different system representations,
Comparative Studies.
07 hours
Software Requirement and Specification Analysis
Requirements Principles and its analysis principles; Specification Principles and its
representations
Software Design Analysis – Different level of DFD Design, Physical and Logical DFD,
Use and Conversions between them, Decision Tables and Trees, Structured analysis,
Coupling and Cohesion of different modules
Software Cost Estimation Modeling –COCOMO.
23 hours
Software Testing
Software Verification and Validation; Testing objectives, Testing Principles, Testability;
Error and Faults; Unit Testing, White Box and Blank Box Testing, Test Case Design:
Test Vector, Test Stub.
17 hours
Software Quality Assurances
Concepts of Quality, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, IEEE Standard for Statistical
Software Quality Assurances (SSQA) criterions.
Use Python 3.6 or above. Use a text editor sensitive to whitespace like Notepad++, gedit, vim,
Sublime Text, and NOT Notepad / WordPad. The following exercises are suggestive in nature.
1. The Interpreter as a calculator. Basic arithmetic operations. Introduction to the simple
numeric data types – integers, floating point numbers, Boolean, complex numbers.
Inter conversion of data types.
a. Use the Python prompt as a basic calculator. Explore the order of operations
using parentheses.
b. Explore the various functions in the math module. Eg: find GCD of two
numbers, area and perimeter of circle using math.pi, etc.
c. Exploring the complex data type and their operations, eg: finding the modulus
and phase angle of a complex number.
d. The print function – Printing values. Repeat the previous experiments now
using the print function
2. Basic user interactions using the print() and input() functions.
a. Write a simple python script using the print function in a text editor, save it
with the extension “.py”. Run it in the terminal / command prompt.
b. Take input two strings from the user, and print the first one twice, and the
other one thrice.
c. Ask the user to enter two numbers, and output the sum, product, difference,
and the GCD.
d. More programs that test concepts learned in week 1 which involves the usage
of the print and input functions.
3. Strings, List, Tuples, the re (regular expression) module
a. Ask the user for two strings, print a new string where the first string is
reversed, and the second string is converted to upper case. Sample strings:
“Pets“, “party”, output: “steP PARTY”. Only use string slicing and +
operators.
b. From a list of words, join all the words in the odd and even indices to form
two strings. Use list slicing and join methods.
c. Simulate a stack and a queue using lists. Note that the queue deletion
operation won’t run in O(1) time.
d. Explore the ‘re’ module, especially re.split, re.join, re.search and re.match
methods.
4. Conditionals, looping constructs, and generators
a. Use list comprehension to find all the odd numbers and numbers divisible by
3 from a list of numbers.
b. Using while loops to do Gaussian addition on a list having an even number of
numbers. Print each partial sum. Eg: if the list is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], the program
should output “1 + 6”, “2 + 5”, and “3+4” in separate lines, and the result of
the addition “21”. Extend it to handle lists of odd length.
c. Primarily testing using for and while loops.
d. Use (c) to generate a list of primes within a user-given range.
e. Explore the ‘key’ function of sum( ), min( ), max( ), and sort( ) functions
using lambdas.
5. User defined functions
a. Implement popular sorting algorithms like quick sort and merge sort to sort
lists of numbers.
b. Implement the Pascal’s triangle.
c. Three positive integers a, b, and c are Pythagorean triples if a2+ b2 =c2. Write
a function to generate all Pythagorean triples in a certain range.
d. Write two functions that simulate the toss of a fair coin, and the roll of an
unbiased ‘n’ sided die using the random module.
e. Like (d), but now the coin and the die are not fair, with each outcome having
a given probability.
6. File handling, sys, pickle and csv modules
a. Basic file operations. Explore the different file modes.
b. Emulate the unix ‘cp’, ‘grep’, ‘cat’ programs in Python. In each case, the user
should pass the arguments to the program as command line arguments.
c. Use pickle for persistent storage of variables
7. Sets and dictionaries
a. Use sets to de-duplicate a list of numbers, and a string such that they contain
only the unique elements
b. Use the set union and intersection operations to implement the Jaccard and
Cosine similarity of two sets.
c. Use dictionaries to count the word and letter occurrences in a long string of
text.
d. Invert a dictionary such the previous keys become values and values keys.
Eg: if the initial and inverted dictionaries are d1 and d2, where d1 = {1: ‘a’, 2:
‘b’, 3: 120}, then d2 = {‘a’: 1, 2: ‘b’, 120: 3}.
e. What if the values in (d) are not immutable? Use frozensets. For repeated
values, use lists. Eg: if d1 = {1: ‘a’, 2: ‘a’, 4: [1, 2]}, then d2 = {‘a’: [1, 2],
frozenset([1, 2]): 4}.
f. Write a function to generate the Fibonacci numbers in (a) exponential time
using the naïve algorithm, and (b) in linear time using dynamic programming
(memorization) with a dictionary.
8. Object Oriented Programming
a. Create a ‘Graph’ class to store and manipulate graphs. It should have the
following functions:
i. Read an edge list file, where each edge (u, v) appears exactly once in
the file as space separated values.
ii. Add and remove nodes and edges
iii. Print nodes, and edges in a user readable format
iv. Computes basic statistics of the graph like degree distribution,
clustering coefficient, and the number of connected components.
v. Finding all the neighbors of a node
vi. Finding all the connected components and storing them as individual
Graph objects inside the class
vii. Finding single source shortest paths using Breadth First Search
b. Make a ‘DiGraph’ class to handle directed graphs which inherits from the
‘Graph’ class. In addition to all of the functionalities of (a), it should support
the following operations
i. Finding the predecessors and successors of a node
ii. Creating a new ‘DiGraph’ object where all the edges are reversed.
iii. Finding the strongly connected components
c. Extend (a) and (b) to handle weighted graphs, and implement Dijkstra’s and
Floyd-Warshall algorithms to compute the single source and all pairs shortest
paths.
d. Use the graph containers in (a), (b), and (c) to implement additional graph
algorithms.
Introduction to the Python
Interpreted vs. compiled languages. Bytecodes. The importance of whitespace.
Variables and the lack of explicit data types and how Python uses the concepts of duck,
strong, and static typing, to figure out data types in runtime.
The assignment operator, the binding of names to objects, and aliasing.
Keywords and their significance.
04 hours
Strings: definition, declaration, and immutability, string constants, declaration, and the
equivalence of single and double quotes. Multi-line strings. Raw strings. String formatting
using the format function and the % operator. f-strings in Python 3.6+. Built-in functions:
count, find, replace, upper, lower, strip, etc. Time and space complexities of the functions
and operations.
Lists: definition, declaration, and mutability. Nested lists. Indexing and slicing: same as
strings. List comprehensions. The split and join methods. Built-in list functions – append,
extend, count, find, index, etc. Time and space complexities of the functions and
operations.
Tuples: definition, declaration, and immutability. Packing and unpacking lists and tuples.
The + and * operators on strings, lists, and tuples. Indexing and slicing strings, lists, and
tuples.
06 hours
Conditionals, Iterators, and Generators
Conditionals: If, elif, and else statements. Nested conditionals. Containment checking in
containers using the in keyword.
Looping constructs: while and for loops. Flow control using break, continue, and pass.
Nested loops.
Generators: range, zip, sorted, reversed, and enumerate.
15 hours
User-defined Functions and Recursion
Functions: definition, function signature, positional, default, and keyword arguments.
Documentation strings. Unnamed functions – lambda, filter, and map.
Recursion: basic idea, implementing recursion, sharing variables across the recursion
stack, modifying the size of the recursion stack.
10 hours
File Handling and Exception Handling
File handling: open and close methods, the different read and write modes. Using the with
open approach to files. read, readline, readlines functions. The csv module for efficient
read/write of structured data. The pickle module for persistent storage of variables in a
program.
Exception handling: the popular errors- Name Error, Value Error, Syntax Error, Key
Error, Attribute Error, etc, and their cause and effects. Using try-except blocks for
graceful handling of exceptions.
05 hours
Unordered data types - Sets and Dictionaries
Basic concepts of hashing: hash functions, open chain, closed chain, advantages and
disadvantages compared to conventional ordered data types. The hash() function in
Python.
Sets and frozensets: definition, declaration, mutability, and advantages over lists / tuples.
05 hours
Insertion, deletion, union, intersection, and other built-in operations. Time and space
complexities of the functions and operations.
Dictionaries: Concept of keys and values. Immutability requirement for keys. Basic
operations on dictionaries. Iterating over the keys and key, value pairs of a dictionary.
Dictionary inversions
Intro to Object Oriented Programming
The Python data model, magic methods (__init__, __str__, __eq__, etc) and their utilities,
accessing and mutating data, constructors, class methods, and the lack of explicit access
modifiers of class methods – naming conventions of private, protected, and public
variables and methods.
Inheritance: inheriting a parent class, the super() method. Basic multiple inheritance.
Lab sessions related to Simplex Method, Transportation Problem and Assignment Problem.
Introduction
Origin and development of operation research, Nature and characteristic features, models
in O.R., application of O.R.
05hours
Linear Programming Problem
Introduction, mathematical formulation of the problem and graphical solution method.
05hours
Simplex Method
Introduction, computational procedure, artificial variable, problem of degeneracy,
application of simplex method.
20hours
Duality:
Concept, formulation of primal – dual, duality and simplex method, Dual Simplex method.
10hours
Transportation Problem:
Introduction, mathematical formulation, finding initial basic feasible solution, optimality,
degeneracy, unbalanced transportation problem.
05hours
Assignment Problem:
Introduction, mathematical formulation and solution.
05hours
Game Theory:
Some basic terminology, Two-person Zero-sum Game, Game without Saddle Point –
Mixed strategy, Algebraic method for 2×2 Game
05hours
Network Scheduling:
Introduction, Critical Path Method (CPM), PERT calculation.
CMS-A-DSE-A--2-P: Data Mining Lab. DSE-A: Choice-2: Practical, Credit:02, Contact hours: 40.
Data mining using PYTHON/C
Introduction
Definition of Data Mining, Data pre-processing, Data cleaning, Data transformation,
Data Reduction, Data Visualization, Data extraction from large dataset, Data integration,
sub-sampling, Feature selection, Scalability issues of data mining algorithms, text
mining, web mining.
15hours
Classification and Prediction
Structural patterns of data, Tools for pattern recognition (preliminary concept), Linear
models for classification, Evaluating the accuracy of the classifier or predictor, Bayesian
Classification, Training and Test sets, Parametric and Non-parametric Learning,
Minimum Distance Classifiers, k-NN rule, Discriminant Analysis, Decision trees.
Similarity Measure, Basic hierarchical and non-hierarchical Clustering algorithms,
Some Applications, Neural Learning.
30hours
Data Warehousing (DWH)
Introduction: Definition and description, need for data ware housing, need for strategic
information, failures of past decision support systems, Application of DWH.
Assignments on Different Image Processing Functions based on Open CV & Python/Scilab
Introduction
Image definition and its representation, Pixels, Co-ordinate conventions, Image
formats (Study of the image matrix), neighbourhood metrics, Sampling and
quantization, Types of distance measure (concept only).
15hours
Spatial Domain
Image enhancement techniques in spatial domain, Contrast stretching, Histogram
Processing, Noise smoothing, Sharpening, Pixel Classification, RGB & Grey image.
Transformation: Arithmetic Transformation, Logical Geometric Transformation,
Hough Transformation, FFT.
Filtering: Spatial domain filters: Convolution, Edge Detection Filters
15hours
Thresholding
Grey level thresholding, global/ local thresholding, Iterative thresholding, Edge
detection operators, Region growing, Split/ merge techniques, Image feature/
primitive extraction, Background correction, Color enhancement.
15hours
Image Segmentation
Boundary detection based techniques, Point, line detection, Edge detection, Local
processing.
CMS-A-CC-5-12-P: Object Oriented Programming Lab.
Core Course- 12: Practical, Credit: 02, Contact hours: 40 hours.
OOPs Lab Using JAVA
Concept of OOPs
Difference with procedure oriented programming, Data abstraction and information hiding:
Objects, Classes, methods.
02hours
Introduction to Java
Java Architecture and Features, Understanding the semantic and syntax differences
between C++ and Java, Compiling and Executing a Java Program, Variables, Constants,
Keywords Data Types, Operators (Arithmetic, Logical and Bitwise) and Expressions,
Comments, Doing Basic Program Output, Decision Making Constructs (conditional
statements and loops) and Nesting, Java Methods (Defining, Scope, Passing and Returning
Arguments, Type Conversion and Type and Checking, Built-in Java Class Methods).
04hours
Arrays, Strings and I/O
Creating & Using Arrays (One Dimension and Multi-dimensional), Referencing Arrays
Dynamically, Java Strings: The Java String class, Creating & Using String Objects,
Manipulating Strings, String Immutability & Equality, Passing Strings To & From
Methods, String Buffer Classes. Simple I/O using System.out and the Scanner class, Byte
and Character streams, Reading/Writing from console and files.
08hours
Object-Oriented Programming Overview
Principles of Object-Oriented Programming, Defining & Using Classes, Controlling
Access to Class Members, Class Constructors, Method Overloading, Class Variables &
Methods, Objects as parameters, final classes, Object class, Garbage Collection.
04hours
Inheritance, Interfaces, Packages, Enumerations, Autoboxing and Metadata.
Single Level and Multilevel, Method Overriding, Dynamic Method Dispatch, Abstract
Classes, Interfaces and Packages, Extending interfaces and packages, Package and Class
Visibility, Using Standard Java Packages (util, lang, io, net), Wrapper Classes,
Autoboxing/Unboxing, Enumerations and Metadata.
14hours
Exception Handling, Threading, Networking and Database Connectivity
Exception types, uncaught exceptions, throw, built-in exceptions, Creating your own
exceptions; Multi-threading: The Thread class and Runnable interface, creating single and
multiple threads, Thread prioritization, synchronization and communication,
suspending/resuming threads. Using java.net package, Overview of TCP/IP and Datagram
programming. Accessing and manipulating databases using JDBC.
15hours
Applets
Java Applets: Introduction to Applets, Writing Java Applets, Working with Graphics,
Incorporating Images & Sounds. Event Handling Mechanisms, Listener Interfaces,
Adapter and Inner Classes. The design and Implementation of GUIs using the AWT
controls, Swing components of Java Foundation Classes such as labels, buttons, textfields,
layout managers, menus, events and listeners; Graphic objects for for drawing figures such as
lines, rectangles, ovals, using different fonts. Overview of servlets.
Introduction
Drawbacks of Legacy System; Advantages of DBMS; Layered Architecture of Database,
Data Independence; Data Models; Schemas and Instances; Database Languages; Database
Users, DBA; Data Dictionary.
04hours
Entity Relationship(ER) Modeling
Entity, Attributes and Relationship, Structural Constraints, Keys, ER Diagram of Some
Example Database, Weak and strong Entity Set, Specialization and Generalization,
Constraints of Specialization and Generalization, Aggregation.
04hours
Relational Model
Basic Concepts of Relational Model; Relational Algebra; Tuple Relational Calculus;
Domain Relational Calculus.
08hours
Integrity Constraints
Domain Constraints, Referential Integrity, View.
04hours
Relational Database Design
Problems of Un-Normalized Database; Functional Dependencies (FD),Derivation Rules,
Closure of FD Set, Canonical Cover; Normalization: Decomposition to 1NF, 2NF, 3NF or
BCNF Using FD; Lossless Join Decomposition Algorithm; Dependency preservation.
16hours
SQL
Basic Structure, Data Definition, Constraints and Schema Changes; Basic SQL Queries
(Selection, Insertion, Deletion, Update); Order by Clause; Complex Queries, Aggregate
Function and Group by Clause; Nested Sub Queries; Views, Joined Relations; Set
Comparisons (All, Some); Derived Relations.
16hours
Record Storage and File Organization (Concepts only)
Fixed Length and Variable Length Records; Spanned and Un-Spanned Organization of
Records; Primary File Organizations and Access Structures Concepts; Unordered,
Sequential, Hashed; Concepts of Primary and Secondary Index; Dense and Sparse Index;
Index Sequential Files; Multilevel Indices.
An introduction to Electronic commerce
What is E-Commerce (Introduction And Definition), Main activities E-Commerce, Goals of
E-Commerce, Technical Components of E-Commerce, Functions of E-Commerce,
Advantages and disadvantages of E-Commerce, Scope of E-Commerce, Electronic
Commerce Applications, 9 Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business (C2C) (C2G,G2G,
B2G, B2P, B2A, P2P, B2A, C2A, B2B, B2C).
05hours
The Internet and WWW
Evolution of Internet, Domain Names and Internet Organization (.edu, .com, .mil, .gov, .net
etc.) , Types of Network, Internet Service Provider, World Wide Web, Internet & Extranet,
Role of Internet in B2B Application, building own website, Cost, Time, Reach, Registering a
Domain Name, Web promotion, Target email, Banner, Exchange, Shopping Bots.
10hours
Internet Security
Secure Transaction, Computer Monitoring, Privacy on Internet, Corporate Email privacy,
Computer Crime( Laws , Types of Crimes), Threats, Attack on Computer System, Software
Packages for privacy, Hacking, Computer Virus( How it spreads, Virus problem, virus
protection, Encryption and Decryption, Secret key Cryptography, DES, Public Key
Encryption, RSA, Authorization and Authentication, Firewall, Digital Signature( How it
Works).
10hours
Electronic Data Exchange
Introduction, Concepts of EDI and Limitation, Applications of EDI, Disadvantages of EDI,
EDI model, Electronic Payment System: Introduction, Types of Electronic Payment System,
Payment Types, Value Exchange System, Credit Card System, Electronic Fund Transfer,
Paperless bill, Modern Payment Cash, Electronic Cash.
05hours
Planning for Electronic Commerce
Planning Electronic Commerce initiates, Linking objectives to business strategies, Measuring
cost objectives, Comparing benefits to Costs, Strategies for developing electronic commerce
web sites.
05hours
Internet Marketing:
The PROS and CONS of online shopping, The cons of online shopping, Justify an Internet
business, Internet marketing techniques, The E-cycle of Internet marketing, Personalization
e-commerce.
Overview
Overview of Security Parameters: Confidentiality, Integrity and availability-security
violation, Assumptions and Trust- Security assurance, OSI security architecture.
05 hours
Cryptography
Mathematical Tools for Cryptography, Symmetric Encryption Algorithm, Theory of Block
cipher design, Symmetric cipher model, Risk assessment, quantitative and qualitative
approaches, Network security management, Firewalls, Web and wireless security
management, Computer security log management, IT security infrastructure, Operating
system security, user security, program security.
10 hours
Finite Field and Number Theory
Groups, Rings, Fields-Modular, Prime numbers, Fermat's and Euler's Theorem, Chinese
remainder Theorem, Discrete Logarithm.
03 hours
Hash Functions and Digital Signatures
Authentication requirement – Authentication function -MAC, Hash functions, Security of
hash function, Hashing Algorithms: MD5.
05 hours
Internet Firewalls for Trusted System
Roles of Firewalls, Firewall related terminology, Types of Firewalls, Firewall designs.
02 hours
E-Mail, IP & Web Security (Qualitative study)
E-mail Security: Security Services for E-mail-attacks possible through E-mail, Pretty
Good S/MIME.
IP Security: Overview of IPSec, IP Security Architecture, Authentication Header,
Encapsulation Security Payload.
Web Security: Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security, Basic Protocol, SSL
05 hours
Attacks, Secure Electronic Transaction (SET).
Cyber
Cyber laws to be covered as per IT 2008
Definitions, Digital Signature And Electronic Signature.
1) [Section 43] Penalty and Compensation for damage to computer, computer system,
etc.
2) [Section 65] Tampering with Computer Source Documents.
3) [Section 66 A] Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication
service, etc.
4) [Section 66 B] Punishments for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or
communication device.
5) [Section 66C] Punishment for identity theft.
6) [Section 66D] Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.
7) [Section 66E] Punishment for violation of privacy.
8) [Section 66F] Punishment for cyber terrorism.
9) [Section 67] Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in
electronic form.
10) [Section 67A] Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing
sexually explicit act, etc. in electronic form.
11) [Section 67B] Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting
children in sexually explicit act, etc. in electronic form.
12) [Section 72] Breach of confidentiality and privacy.
1. Assembly Language Programming for Arithmetic Operations like Addition, Subtraction,
Multiplication and Division on 8, 16 bit data.
2. Assembly Language Programming for different logical operations.
3. Assembly Language Programming for code conversions.
4. Assembly Language Programming for different sorting techniques.
5. Assembly Language Programming for memory block transfer.
6. Assembly Language Programming for AP series and Fibonacci series.
7. Assembly Language Programming for HCF, LCM etc.
8. Assembly Language Programming for Searching.
9. Assembly Language Programming for frequency distribution.
10. Block Replacement and transfer
Many more programs can be included related to the programming techniques of Microprocessor 8085
Introduction to Microcomputer based system:
Evolution of Microprocessor and Microcontrollers and their advantages and disadvantages.
03 hours
Microprocessor Architecture and Memory Interfacing
Basic Architecture of Microprocessor 8085 and explanation of each block, Microprocessor
8085 pin out and signals, Addressing modes, Instruction Formats, Instruction Cycle, Clock
Cycle, Multiplexed Address Data Bus, Control and Status signals, Microprocessor and Bus
Timing, De-multiplexing of Address Data Bus, Generation of Control Signals for I/O and
Memory, Basic concepts in Memory Interfacing, Address Decoding and memory
Addresses.
14 hours
Interfacing I/O Devices
Basic Interfacing concepts, Peripheral I/O instructions (I/O mapped I/O), Device Selection
and data Transfer, Absolute and Partial Decoding, Input Interfacing, Interfacing I/O using
decoders, Memory mapped I/O techniques, Data transfer schemes, Interfacing 8155
memory segment.
10 hours
Programming 8085
Instruction Set of 8085, Different Programming Techniques, Stack and Subroutines,
Counter and Time Delays, Code Conversion, BCD Arithmetic and 16 bit Data Operation.
10 hours
Interfacing Peripheral Devices and Applications
Interrupts: 8085 Interrupt, RST instructions, Software and Hardware interrupt, multiple
Interrupts and Priorities, 8085 Vectored Interrupts, Restart as Software Instructions.
Interfacing Digital to Analog Converters, Analog to Digital Interfacing, keyboard
interfacing, interfacing 8255 (Mode - 0, BSR), Support IC chips- 8237/8257,8259
13 hours
Microprocessor 8086
The 8086 microprocessor- Architecture, Instruction set, Addressing modes, Interrupts,
Memory interfacing with 8086.
Lab. based on Graph Theory using C
Graph Algorithms:
Implementation of Graph algorithms: Single Spanning Tree Generation using - BFS, DFS, Minimal
Spanning Tree Generation using - Prim's Algorithm, Kruskal’s Algorithm, Shortest Path finding using -
Floyd's Algorithm, Floyd-Warshall Algorithm, Dijkstra's Algorithm, Graph Partitioning Algorithm.
Introduction to Algorithms:
Definition, Characteristics, Recursive and Non-recursive algorithms.
05 hours
Asymptotic Complexity Analysis of Algorithms:
Space and Time Complexity, Efficiency of an algorithm, Growth of Functions, Polynomial
and Exponential Complexity, Asymptotic Notations: Big O Notation and Small o notation,
Big Ω and Small ω, Big Θ and Small ϕ Notations, Properties: Best case/worst case/average
case analysis of well-known algorithms.
10 hours
Algorithm Design Techniques:
Concepts and simple case studies of Greedy algorithms. Divide and conquer: Basic
concepts, Case study of selected searching and sorting problems using divide and
conquer techniques: Dynamic programming: General issues in Dynamic Programming.
15 hours
Graph Representation and Algorithm:
Graph traversal algorithms: BFS, DFS, Minimal spanning trees: Prim's Algorithm,
Kruskal's Algorithm, Shortest path algorithms: Floyd's Algorithm, Floyd-Warshall
Algorithm, Dijkstra's Algorithm, Graph Coloring Algorithms.
25 hours
Classification of Problems:
Concept of P, NP.
Computer Networks: Practical
Familiarization with Networking cables (CAT5, CAT6, UTP), Connectors (RJ-45, Tconnector),
Hubs, Switches, LAN installation & configuration (peer-to-peer) process.
05 hours
Web Design: Practical
Web page design by HTML
Handling HTML form
HTML
Capturing Form Data, GET and POST form methods, Dealing with multi value fields
Redirecting a form after submission.
20 hours
Array
Anatomy of an Array ,Creating index based and Associative array, Accessing array
Looping with Index based array, with associative array using each() and for each()
Some useful Library function.
Overview of Data Communication and Networking
Introduction:
Data communications Components, data representation, direction of data flow (simplex, half
duplex, full duplex).
Network Hardware: Physical structure (type of connection, topology), categories of
network (LAN, MAN, WAN).
Internet: Brief history, Protocols and standards, Reference models: OSI reference model,
properties of all the layers, TCP/IP reference model, their comparative study.
04hours
Physical Layer
Data & Signals: Analog & Digital Data and Signals, periodic and non-periodic signals,
composite signals, bandwidth, bit rate, transmission of digital signals.
Transmission Impairments: Attenuation, Distortion and Noise.
Data Rate Limits: Noiseless Channel: Nyquist Data rate, Noisy Channel: Shannon’s
Capacity, calculation of data rate using both limits.
Digital Transmission
Digital to Digital Conversion: Line coding, schemes (RZ, NRZ, Manchester, Differential
Manchester), block coding.
Analog to Digital Conversion: Sampling, Nyquist rate of sampling, Pulse code modulation
(PCM), Delta Modulation (DM), Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM), parallel and serial
transmission.
Analog Transmission
Digital to Analog: Amplitude shift keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase
Shift Keying (PSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
Analog to Analog Conversion:
Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), Phase Modulation.
12hours
Bandwidth Utilization Techniques
Multiplexing: FDM, Synchronous & Statistical TDM, WDM.
04hours
Transmission Medium
Guided media: Twisted pair, Coaxial, Fiber optics.
Unguided: Radio waves, microwaves, Infrared, Antenna, Communication satellites
(qualitative study only).
06hours
Switching and Telephone network
Circuit switched networks, Packet Switched networks, Virtual Circuit switch.
Major components of telephone network, Dial up modem, DSL and ADSL modems, Cable
TV for data transfer (qualitative study only)
04hours
Data link Layer:
Types of errors, framing (character and bit stuffing), error detection & correction methods,
Linear and cyclic codes, checksum.
Protocols: Stop & wait ARQ, Go-Back- N ARQ, Selective repeat ARQ, HDLC (qualitative
study only).
Physical addressing: MAC address and its format.
04hours
Medium Access sub layer
Point to Point Protocol, Token Ring: Reservation, Polling. Multiple access protocols: Pure
& Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA.
Channelization: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA (Qualitative study only).
Wired and Wireless LAN: Standards, fast Ethernet, Protocol 802.11, Bluetooth.
08hours
Network layer
Internetworking & devices: Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Router, Gateway,
Addressing: IP addressing, Subnetting, Routing techniques: static vs. dynamic routing ,
Protocols: RARP, ARP, IP, ICMP
11 hours
Transport layer
Process to Process delivery: UDP, TCP
03 hours
Application Layer
Introduction to DNS, Remote logging, FTP, Electronic mail, WWW & HTTP
Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
Defining IoT, Characteristics of IoT, Physical design of IoT, Functional blocks of IoT,
Communication models & APIs.
04 hours
IoT and M2M
Difference between IoT and M2M, Software defined Network, network function
virtualization (NFV), difference between SDN and NFV.
04 hours
Network & Communication aspects
Wireless medium access issues, MAC protocol survey, Survey routing protocols,
Sensor deployment & Node discovery, Edge connectivity and protocols, Fog/Gateway
Devices for Data aggregation and dissemination, Security challenges.
08 hours
IoT Physical Servers and Cloud Offerings
Introduction to Cloud Storage models and communication APIs Web Server – Web Server
for IoT, Cloud for IoT, Python web application framework.
05 hours
Developing IoTs
Introduction to Python, Introduction to different IoT tools, Developing applications
through IoT tools, Developing sensor based application through embedded system platform,
Implementing IoT concepts with python.
08 hours
IoT Physical Devices and Endpoints Introduction to Raspberry PI-Interfaces (serial, SPI,
I2C) Programming – Python program with Raspberry PI with focus of interfacing external
gadgets.
04 hours
IoT Analytics
Signal processing, real-time and local analytics, Databases, cloud analytics and applications.
04 hours
Domain specific applications of IoT
Home automation, Industry applications, Surveillance applications.
Introduction
Basic concepts of Graphics Devices– CRT monitor, Monochrome and Color Monitor
displaying technique only, Physical and logical units of graphics devices – Pixel and its
different properties, Basic idea for image or picture formation using pixels – Raster Scan and
Vector Scan.
05 hours
Basic geometrical shapes formation algorithms
Concepts Co-ordinate System, Line Segment, Digital Differential Analyzer, Circle and arc
segment, elliptic segment, Bresenham’s and Midpoint scan conversion algorithms.
05 hours
Two and Three Dimensional Transformations
Transformations operations - Translation, Rotation, Scaling. Reflection, Shearing and Inverse
of these operations, Homogeneous coordinate system representation, matrix representation.
Composite Transformations Operations – Basic ideas and matrix representations by matrix
concatenation for a particular operation.
14 hours
Two Dimensional Clipping
View port, window port, display device, Point Clipping, Line Clipping, Cohen-Sutherland
line clipping algorithm, Sutherland Hudgeman polygon clipping algorithm
08 hours
Projection
Basic Concept of Projection operation and its application, Classification – Perspective,
Parallel and its subclasses, Principles of these projections (Geometric representation only, no
Mathematical Foundation and algorithms)
06 hours
Applications
Basic Concepts Computer Art, Animation – Animating and modeling of real world,
Morphing – Classification of morphing and Application to the Advertisements and
publicities.
1. Write a shell script to convert the content of a file from lower case to upper case.
2. Write a shell script to count the words, lines and characters of a given file. File name should be
provided at run time.
3. Write a shell script that take a word from user and find out the frequency of the word in a given
file.
4. Write a shell script that gets executed at the moment of user login and it displays Good Morning,
Good afternoon, Good Evening, Good Night, depending upon the time at which the user logs on.
5. Write a shell script to print Pascal diamond.
6. Write a shell script to find a number using sequential search method.
7. Write a shell script to find a number using binary search technique.
8. Write a shell script to sort a set of integer numbers using bubble sort.
9. Write a shell script to find out the factorial of a given number.
10. Write a shell script to reverse a string and check whether it is a palindrome.
11. Write a shell script to find the roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx +c = 0, considering all
possible cases.
12. Write a shell script for menu based system to insert records for employees with employee ID,
name, designation, salary in a data file, also display records when necessary. Display salary for
the employee asked.
Introduction
Basic OS functions, types of operating systems- batch processing, multiprogramming, time
sharing, multiprocessing, distributed and real time systems.
6 hours
Operating System Organization
Processor and user modes, kernels, system calls and system programs.
6 hours
Process
System view of the process and resources, process control block, I/O and CPU bound
process, process hierarchy, concept of threads
Process Scheduling: Preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling, Long term scheduling,
short term/CPU scheduling (FCFS, SJF, SRJF, RR and priority) and medium term
scheduling
Process Synchronization: Concurrent processes, critical section, semaphores and
application, methods for inter-process communication;
18 hours
Deadlock:
Definition, Prevention, Avoidance, Detection, Recovery.
9 hours
Memory Management
Physical and logical address space; memory allocation strategies – fixed and variable
partitions, paging, segmentation, virtual memory
14 hours
File and I/O Management
Directory structure, file operations, file allocation methods, disk management.
5 hours
Protection and Security
Policy mechanism, Authentication
Lab. based on Numerical Methods using C.
Introduction
Set Theory: Finite and Infinite Sets, Uncountable Infinite Sets, Relations: Properties of
Binary Relations, Closure, Partial Ordering Relations, Equivalence, Functions: definition,
one-to-one, onto and invertible, Mathematical Functions: Exponential and Logarithmic,
Counting: Mathematical Induction, Pigeonhole Principle, Permutation and Combination,
Binomial Theorem, Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion.
10 hours
Introduction to Probability
Elementary events, Sample space, Classical and Axiomatic definition of Probability,
Theorems on Total Probability, Conditional Probability, Bernoulli Trials and Binomial
Distribution, Bayes’ Theorem, Random Variables, Expectation, Variance, Standard
Deviation.
10 hours
Growth of Functions
Asymptotic Notations, Standard notations and common functions with simple examples.
04 hours
Recurrences
Relations, Generating Functions, Linear Recurrence Relations with Constant Coefficients
and their solution, Substitution Method, Recurrence Trees.
06 hours
Numerical Methods (Algorithmic Approach)
Errors: Approximate and Rounding of Numbers, Significant digits, Errors and their types,
Propagation of errors.
Interpolation: Newton Forward and Backward interpolation, Lagrange interpolation.
Solving a Set of Linear Equations: Gaussian Elimination, Gauss–Jordan, Iteration methods
a n d t h ei r convergence conditions, Gauss-Seidel, Gauss-Jacobi Iterative Methods.
Solving Non-linear equations: Bisection, Regula-falsi, Secant and Newton-Raphson, their
order of convergence.
Solving Differential Equations: Euler, Runge-Kutta second and fourth order methods.
Numerical Integration:
Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3rd rules.
Curve fitting :
Least square approximation, Linear regression, Polynomial regression, Fitting Exponential
and Trigonometric functions.
Graph Theory
Basic Terminology, Models and Types, Multi graphs and Weighted graphs, Graph
Representation, Graph Isomorphism, Connectivity, Euler and Hamiltonian Paths and
Circuits, Planar Graphs, Trees and their basic terminologies and properties.
(1). Construct an Arithmetic Unit capable of performing 4-bit subtraction and Addition using 2's
complement method. Use Parallel Adders and other necessary logic gates.
(2). Construct a logical unit using logic gates capable of performing 4-bit, Bitwise ORing, ANDing,
XORing and inversion.
(3). Construct a 4-bit ALU unit which can perform the following operation;
Selection Function
S1 S0
0 0 Addition
0 1 Subtraction
1 0 XOR-ing
1 1 Complement
(4). Construct a 2-bit Carry Look Ahead Adder using logic gates.
(5). Study and Construct a 1-digit BCD/Decimal adder using parallel adders and other necessary logic
gates.
(6). Construct a Binary Multiplier using basic logic gates.
(7). Construct a Binary Divider using basic logic gates.
(8). Subtraction with 1's complement method using parallel adders and other necessary logic gates.
(9). Construction of BCD Subtractor with 9'S complement method using parallel adders and logic gates.
(10). Construction of BCD Subtractor with 10'S complement method using parallel adders and logic
gates.
(11). Binary magnitude comparators (up to 4 bits) using parallel adder and logic gates.
(12). Construct a Binary 4-bit and 8-bit adder using logic gates.
(13). Construct a Serial in Serial out 4-bit register.
(14). Construct a 4-bit Universal Shift register.
(15). Construct a 4 bit ring counter.
(16). Construct a 4 - bit Johnson Counter.
(17) Construct RAM (4-bit) and extend it
(18). Horizontal and Vertical Cascading of Memory modules.
(19). Code converters using memory modules.
Basic Structure of Computers (Qualitative Discussion)
Computer Types, Basic Functional Units, Basic Operational Concept, Bus Structure,
Software, Performance, Multiprocessor and Multicomputer, IAS Computer, Historical
perspectives.
05 hours
Register Transfer and Micro-operation
Register Transfer Language, Register Transfer, Bus and Memory Transfers, Three State Bus
Buffers, memory Transfer, Arithmetic and Logical micro-operations, Shift and Arithmetic
shifts.
05 hours
Basic Computer Organization and Design
Instruction Codes, Stored Program Organization, Indirect Address, Computer Registers,
Common Bus System, Computer Instruction, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, fetch
Decode, Register Reference Instructions, Memory Reference Instruction, Input-Output and
Interrupt, Design of Basic Computer, Design of Accumulator Logic.
05 hours
CPU Organization
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)- Combinational ALU, 2'S Complement Addition,
Subtraction Unit, Booths Algorithm for Multiplication, Division Hardware using Restoration
Division Algorithm.
General register organization, Control Word, Accumulator Based, Register Based, Stack
Type CPU organization.
06 hours
Control Unit
Hardwired Control Unit, Micro-programmed Control Unit: Control memory, Address
Sequencing, conditional branching, mapping of instructions, subroutine, Design of Control
Unit.
07 hours
CPU Registers
Program Counter, Stack Pointer Register, Memory Address Register, Instruction Register,
Memory Buffer Register, Flag registers, Temporary Registers.
06 hours
Instructions.
Operational Code, Operands, Zero, One, Two and Three Address Instruction, Instruction
Types, Addressing modes, Data Transfer and Manipulation instructions, Program control
instructions.
CISC and RISC processors
Introduction, relative merits and De-merits.
03 hours
Computer Peripherals
VDU, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Scanner (Qualitative approach).
08 hours
Input / Output Organization
Polling, Interrupts, subroutines, Memory mapped IO, IO mapped IO, DMA, I/O Bus and
Protocol, SCSI, PCI, USB, Bus Arbitration.
02 hours
Memory
Primary memory: ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, RAM: SRAM,
DRAM, Asynchronous DRAMs, Synchronous DRAMs, Structure of Larger Memories,
RAMBUS Memory, Cache Memory: Mapping Functions, Replacement Algorithms,
interleaving, Hit and Rate penalty, Virtual memories, Address Translation, Memory
Management requirements, Secondary Storage: Magnetic Hard Disks, Optical Disks,
Magnetic Tape Systems.