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Thursday, September 10, 2026

🔐 Lossless Image Compression

🔐 Lossless Image Compression

Interactive Image Processing Lab • PNG • RLE • Huffman • LZW

📚 What is Lossless Compression?

Lossless compression reduces the size of an image without permanently removing image information.

✅ After decompression, the original image can be reconstructed exactly.
Original Image → Lossless Encoder → Compressed Data → Lossless Decoder → Original Image

📤 1. Upload an Image

Upload an image to analyse its dimensions, raw grayscale size and PNG lossless representation.



🖼️ 2. Original and Grayscale Image

Original Image

Original image

8-bit Grayscale Image

📐 3. Grayscale Image Size

0 Width
0 Height
0 Total Pixels
8 bits Bits / Pixel
Parameter Value
Dimensions -
Total Pixels -
Raw Grayscale Size -
PNG Lossless Size -

🧮 Mathematical Calculation

📊 4. Lossless Compression Result

- Original Size
- PNG Size
- Compression Ratio
- Size Reduction
Measurement Result
Original File -
Lossless PNG -
Compression Ratio -
Size Reduction -
Pixel Verification -
⬇️ Download Lossless PNG

🔍 5. Lossless Pixel Verification

In lossless compression, decompression must reproduce the same pixel values.

Original Pixel Value = Reconstructed Pixel Value

Therefore:
Error = 0

MSE = 0

🔢 6. Run Length Encoding — RLE

RLE replaces consecutive repeated values with a value and its repetition count.

Original: AAAAABBBCCAAAA

RLE: A5 B3 C2 A4

🌳 7. Huffman Coding

Huffman coding assigns shorter binary codes to frequently occurring symbols and longer codes to less frequent symbols.

High Frequency Symbol → Short Code

Low Frequency Symbol → Long Code
Symbol Frequency Example Code
A 50% 0
B 25% 10
C 15% 110
D 10% 111

📖 8. LZW Compression

LZW is a dictionary-based lossless compression technique. Repeated patterns are represented by dictionary codes.

Input Pattern → Dictionary Search → Dictionary Code → Compressed Data

🔄 9. Lossless Image Compression Pipeline

Image
Pixel Data
Redundancy
RLE / LZW
Huffman
Compressed

🔎 10. Redundancy in Images

Redundancy Meaning Technique
Coding Redundancy Inefficient representation of symbols Huffman Coding
Spatial Redundancy Neighbouring pixels are similar RLE / Prediction
Statistical Redundancy Some values occur more frequently Entropy Coding

⚖️ 11. Lossless vs Lossy

Feature Lossless Lossy
Information Loss ❌ No ✅ Yes
Exact Recovery ✅ Yes ❌ No
Compression Moderate High
Quality Original May decrease
Examples PNG, GIF, RLE, LZW JPEG

💡 12. Applications

  • Medical images
  • Technical drawings
  • Satellite imagery
  • Documents and scanned images
  • Graphics and logos
  • Archiving
  • Scientific image storage

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