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Friday, August 28, 2026

Chapter 4: Formulas and Functions in Excel St Jude's High School class -8

Created by Bijan Krishna Paul

Chapter 4: Formulas and Functions in Excel

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 Marks)

1. Every formula in Microsoft Excel must begin with which operator symbol?

A) +
B) =
C) @
D) #

2. Which symbol is used in Excel to concatenate (join) two text strings?

A) & (Ampersand)
B) + (Plus)
C) * (Asterisk)
D) $ (Dollar)

3. What is the value evaluated by formula `=MOD(10, 3)`?

A) 3
B) 1
C) 30
D) 0.33

4. Which error code appears when a number is divided by zero (`0`) in a formula?

A) #VALUE!
B) #DIV/0!
C) #NAME?
D) #REF!

5. What error symbol displays when a column width is too narrow to show numerical data?

A) #######
B) #NULL!
C) #N/A
D) #VALUE!

6. A cell reference of the form `$E$1` uses which type of cell referencing?

A) Relative Reference
B) Absolute Reference
C) Mixed Reference
D) Circular Reference

7. What result is returned by Excel function `=MAX(2, 5, 8)`?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15

8. Which function calculates the arithmetic average of a given range of cell values?

A) SUM
B) AVERAGE
C) COUNT
D) MIN

9. Cell reference `A$1` or `$A1` is classified as which reference type?

A) Relative Reference
B) Absolute Reference
C) Mixed Reference
D) External Reference

10. Which function rounds a number to a specified number of digits?

A) ROUND
B) INT
C) MOD
D) SQRT

11. What function returns the current system date in Excel?

A) TODAY()
B) NOW()
C) DATE()
D) TIME()

12. What function returns the square root of a non-negative number?

A) POWER
B) SQRT
C) ROOT
D) MOD

13. Which function counts only the cells that contain numerical values in a specified range?

A) COUNT
B) COUNTA
C) COUNTBLANK
D) SUM

14. What error occurs when an invalid function name is typed (e.g., `=SUMM(A1:A5)`)?

A) #NAME?
B) #REF!
C) #VALUE!
D) #NULL!

15. What error occurs when a cell reference used in a formula is deleted?

A) #REF!
B) #DIV/0!
C) #VALUE!
D) #NAME?

16. What is the default cell reference type in Excel when entering cell addresses without dollar signs?

A) Relative Reference
B) Absolute Reference
C) Mixed Reference
D) Static Reference

17. Which function rounds a number down to the nearest integer?

A) INT
B) ROUND
C) MOD
D) TRUNC

18. What feature allows dragging the black handle at the bottom-right corner of a cell to fill adjacent cells with formulas?

A) AutoFill Handle
B) Format Painter
C) Copy-Paste wizard
D) Formula Bar

19. In Excel operator precedence, which operation is performed first?

A) Parentheses `()`
B) Multiplication `*`
C) Addition `+`
D) Exponentiation `^`

20. What function calculates the smallest value in a range of cells?

A) MIN
B) MAX
C) SMALL
D) LOW

21. What error occurs when an incorrect type of operand or argument is used in a formula (e.g., adding text to a number)?

A) #VALUE!
B) #DIV/0!
C) #NAME?
D) #N/A

22. Arguments passed to an Excel function are always enclosed inside:

A) Parentheses `()`
B) Curly brackets `{}`
C) Square brackets `[]`
D) Double quotes `""`

23. Which function returns both current date and current time in a cell?

A) NOW()
B) TODAY()
C) DATETIME()
D) TIME()

24. Which key shortcut toggles cell reference styles between relative, absolute, and mixed while editing a formula?

A) F4
B) F2
C) F9
D) F11

25. What is the value of expression `=(4 + 5) * 2 - 6 / 3`?

A) 16
B) 18
C) 12
D) 14

26. Which symbol separates cell range start and end points in Excel (e.g., A1 through A10)?

A) : (Colon)
B) , (Comma)
C) ; (Semicolon)
D) - (Hyphen)

27. What does function `=PRODUCT(3, 4, 2)` evaluate to?

A) 24
B) 9
C) 12
D) 18

28. In Excel, predefined built-in formulas that perform specific calculations are called:

A) Functions
B) Arguments
C) Constants
D) Data series

29. When copying formula `=A1+B1` down to the next row, what does it become under relative referencing?

A) `=A2+B2`
B) `=A1+B1`
C) `=$A$1+$B$1`
D) `=A1+B2`

30. The values or cell references passed inside a function's parentheses are called:

A) Arguments
B) Operators
C) Text strings
D) Worksheets

Section B: Assertion & Reason Questions (30 Marks)

Directions: Choose the correct option:

  • A: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation.
  • B: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is NOT the correct explanation.
  • C: Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  • D: Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

31. Assertion (A): When copying a formula with relative referencing, cell addresses adjust automatically relative to the target location.
Reason (R): Relative cell references track relative position offsets rather than fixed cell coordinates.

32. Assertion (A): Absolute cell referencing uses dollar signs (like `$A$1`) to lock both column and row references.
Reason (R): Absolute cell references change dynamically when copied across different worksheet cells.

33. Assertion (A): `=SUM(A1:A5)` adds all numerical values present in cells A1 through A5.
Reason (R): The colon operator `:` specifies a continuous range of cells in Excel.

34. Assertion (A): The formula `=5+2*3` gives a result of 21.
Reason (R): According to standard operator precedence (BODMAS), multiplication is performed before addition.

35. Assertion (A): The `#DIV/0!` error appears when attempting to divide a number by zero or an empty cell.
Reason (R): Mathematical division by zero is undefined in arithmetic operations.

36. Assertion (A): The ampersand operator `&` is used to add numerical values in Excel.
Reason (R): The `&` operator concatenates two or more text values into a single string.

37. Assertion (A): Function `=TODAY()` requires no arguments inside its parentheses.
Reason (R): `=TODAY()` fetches the current system date directly from the system clock.

38. Assertion (A): Entering `A1+B1` without an equals sign `=`) in a cell calculates the sum of A1 and B1.
Reason (R): Excel treats any cell entry without a leading `=` sign as plain text or string.

39. Assertion (A): Mixed cell referencing locks either the row or column, while leaving the other relative.
Reason (R): In `$A1`, column A is locked absolute while row 1 remains relative.

40. Assertion (A): The `#REF!` error occurs when a formula points to an invalid or deleted cell address.
Reason (R): Deleting columns or rows containing referenced cells breaks the cell reference connection.

41. Assertion (A): The AutoFill feature allows copying formulas across adjacent rows or columns quickly.
Reason (R): Clicking and dragging the fill handle applies the formula while automatically updating relative references.

42. Assertion (A): The `=COUNT()` function counts all empty and text cells in a range.
Reason (R): The `=COUNT()` function counts only cells containing numerical values.

43. Assertion (A): The `#NAME?` error indicates that Excel cannot recognize text inside a formula.
Reason (R): Misspelling function names like typing `=AVERAGEE()` triggers a `#NAME?` error.

44. Assertion (A): Pressing the `F4` key while editing a cell reference cycles through reference types.
Reason (R): `F4` automatically inserts or removes dollar signs (`$`) from cell references.

45. Assertion (A): Function `=MAX(5, 12, 3)` returns the output `3`.
Reason (R): `=MAX()` returns the largest numerical value among arguments, while `=MIN()` returns the smallest.

46. Assertion (A): Formulas can contain numbers, mathematical operators, cell references, and functions.
Reason (R): Formulas combine these elements to perform operations and calculate results in worksheets.

47. Assertion (A): `=MOD(10, 3)` yields a result of `1`.
Reason (R): The `=MOD()` function returns the remainder after dividing the first number by the second.

48. Assertion (A): The error `#######` means the formula contains a severe calculation error.
Reason (R): `#######` indicates that the column width is too narrow or a negative date/time is formatted.

49. Assertion (A): Arguments in a function are separated using commas `,`.
Reason (R): Commas separate individual arguments like cell ranges or numbers inside function parentheses.

50. Assertion (A): `=SQRT(16)` returns `4`.
Reason (R): The `=SQRT()` function calculates the square root of a given positive number.

51. Assertion (A): Parentheses `()` alter default operator precedence in Excel formulas.
Reason (R): Expressions inside parentheses are always evaluated first by Excel.

52. Assertion (A): Absolute referencing is required when referencing a fixed value, such as a tax rate cell.
Reason (R): Absolute references prevent cell address changes when copying formulas to other rows.

53. Assertion (A): Entering `="Class " & "7"` outputs `Class 7`.
Reason (R): Text concatenation joins character strings together seamlessly.

54. Assertion (A): `=PRODUCT(5, 10)` calculates `15`.
Reason (R): The `=PRODUCT()` function multiplies all numbers supplied as arguments.

55. Assertion (A): The `#VALUE!` error occurs when typing mathematical formulas using text strings directly.
Reason (R): Arithmetic operators expect numerical operands rather than non-convertible text.

56. Assertion (A): Modern spreadsheet software updates formula results automatically when input cell data changes.
Reason (R): Dynamic cell referencing links output values to referenced source cells.

57. Assertion (A): `=ROUND(12.345, 2)` gives `12.35`.
Reason (R): Rounding 12.345 to 2 decimal places checks the third decimal digit (5) and rounds up.

58. Assertion (A): Excel formulas can only refer to cells on the same worksheet.
Reason (R): Sheet references allow formulas to access cells across different worksheets within a workbook.

59. Assertion (A): `=AVERAGE(10, 20, 30)` evaluates to `20`.
Reason (R): The average is calculated by dividing the sum (60) by the total number of arguments (3).

60. Assertion (A): Circular reference errors occur when a formula refers to its own cell directly or indirectly.
Reason (R): Self-referencing formulas create infinite calculation loops that Excel cannot solve automatically.

Section C: Visual & Scenario Based Questions (10 Marks)

61. Identify the Cell Referencing Visual:
Cell D4: =E1 - C4
Dragging formula from D4 down to D5...
If cell `E1` must remain strictly fixed while dragging down, how should `E1` be written in cell D4?

A) E1
B) $E$1
C) E$1$
D) #E1

62. Observe the Worksheet Data Layout:
Cell A1: 50 | Cell B1: 0 | Cell C1: =A1/B1
What error output displays in cell C1 upon pressing Enter?

A) #DIV/0!
B) #VALUE!
C) #NAME?
D) 0

63. Identify the Excel Formula Bar Visual:
Formula Bar Entry: =MAX(2, 5, 8)
What calculated value is rendered inside the active worksheet cell?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15

64. Scenario Visual: Mohit uses an Excel function for mathematical calculations but the cell displays `######`. What issue occurred in his spreadsheet layout?

A) Column width is too narrow to display the full number
B) Function name was misspelled
C) Division by zero occurred
D) Cell reference was deleted

65. Identify the Text Concatenation Visual:
Cell A1: "Super" | Cell B1: "Star"
What formula entered in cell C1 combines them into "SuperStar"?

A) `=A1 & B1`
B) `=A1 + B1`
C) `=SUM(A1, B1)`
D) `=JOIN(A1, B1)`

66. Observe the Sports Team Record Table:
Cell C4: Matches Lost (10) | Cell E1: Total Matches (25)
To compute Win Percentage in cell D4 as `=(E1-C4)/E1*100`, which formula uses proper absolute references before copying down?

A) `=($E$1-C4)/$E$1*100`
B) `=(E1-C4)/E1*100`
C) `=(E1-$C$4)/E1*100`
D) `=($E1-C$4)/E$1*100`

67. Scenario Visual: Rashmi enters `=SUMM(A1:A10)` into cell A11. Excel displays error `#NAME?`. What must Rashmi correct?

A) Fix the misspelled function name `SUMM` to `SUM`
B) Expand the column width
C) Replace colon with a comma
D) Add dollar signs to cell addresses

68. Identify the AutoFill Cursor Visual:
When hovering over the tiny square at the bottom-right corner of active cell C2, the mouse pointer changes into a:

A) Small solid black plus sign (`+`)
B) Four-headed arrow
C) Hand tool
D) I-beam text cursor

69. Look at the Code/Formula snippet visual:
Cell A1: 10 | Cell A2: 20 | Cell A3: 30
What value is computed by `=AVERAGE(A1:A3)`?

A) 20
B) 60
C) 30
D) 10

70. Identify the Math Function Output visual:
Formula: =INT(15.89)
What value appears inside the worksheet cell?

A) 15
B) 16
C) 15.8
D) 0.89
Created by Bijan Krishna Paul
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Chapter 6: Conditional Statements in BlueJ St Jude's High School class -8

Created by Bijan Krishna Paul

Chapter 6: Conditional Statements in BlueJ

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 Marks)

1. Selection statements in programming are often referred to as:

A) Sequential statements
B) Decision-making or conditional statements
C) Iterative statements
D) Assignment statements

2. In a sequential construct, how are statements executed?

A) Randomly
B) In a sequential manner where one statement is followed by another
C) In reverse order
D) By skipping odd lines

3. What happens if the condition in an `if` statement evaluates to false?

A) Executes the statement block
B) Skips the statement block
C) Repeats the block indefinitely
D) Stops the computer

4. Which control structure is used when either of two different actions is to be performed depending on the conditional expression?

A) if...else
B) while
C) for
D) sequential block

5. Which structure provides a compact way to check multiple conditions sequentially where each condition has a block of statements?

A) Simple if
B) if...else if...else ladder
C) do-while loop
D) Nested class

6. The test condition in an `if` statement must return which data type value?

A) int
B) Boolean
C) float
D) String

7. Which operator is used to check equality between two values in conditional expressions?

A) =
B) ==
C) !=
D) :=

8. Which operator represents logical AND in Java/BlueJ?

A) &
B) &&
C) ||
D) AND

9. What is the symbol for logical OR operator in Java?

A) &&
B) ||
C) !
D) ==

10. Which statement executes when the condition in an `if...else` construct evaluates to false?

A) Statements inside `if` block
B) Statements inside `else` block
C) Both blocks execute
D) Neither block executes

11. What is the value of `a % 2` when `a = 15`?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 7
D) 15

12. How do you check if a number `num` is divisible by 5?

A) num / 5 == 0
B) num % 5 == 0
C) num * 5 == 0
D) num + 5 == 0

13. A Buzz number is defined as a number that ends with 7 or is divisible by:

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 2

14. Which expression checks if `num` ends with 7?

A) num / 10 == 7
B) num % 10 == 7
C) num * 10 == 7
D) num - 7 == 0

15. What condition determines if a voting candidate is eligible (age >= 18)?

A) age > 18
B) age >= 18
C) age == 18
D) age <= 18

16. In an `if...else if...else` ladder, how many `else` blocks can exist at the end?

A) Unlimited
B) Maximum 1
C) Exactly 2
D) Minimum 3

17. Which operator evaluates to true if both conditions are true?

A) ||
B) &&
C) !
D) !=

18. Which statement is used to execute a block of statements if a given condition is true, otherwise skip it?

A) Simple if
B) switch
C) break
D) return

19. What result is obtained for conditional check `10 != 5`?

A) true
B) false
C) 10
D) 5

20. To check if a character `ch` is uppercase, which range check is correct?

A) ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z'
B) ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'
C) ch >= '0' && ch <= '9'
D) ch == 'U'

21. If `length == breadth`, what geometric shape is formed?

A) Rectangle
B) Square
C) Circle
D) Oval

22. Which expression checks if `a` is greater than both `b` and `c`?

A) a > b || a > c
B) a > b && a > c
C) a > b > c
D) a == b && a == c

23. What will `if (score >= 80)` output when `score = 85`?

A) Executes true block
B) Executes false block
C) Causes error
D) Does nothing

24. Which condition checks if number `n` is fully divisible by number `d`?

A) n % d == 0
B) n / d == 0
C) n * d == 0
D) n + d == 0

25. What is the logical NOT operator in Java?

A) !
B) NOT
C) ~
D) !=

26. In an `if (a > b)` construct, what surrounds the condition `a > b`?

A) Parentheses `()`
B) Curly brackets `{}`
C) Square brackets `[]`
D) Angle brackets `<>`

27. What is the output of condition `!(5 > 2)`?

A) true
B) false
C) 5
D) 2

28. In Java, curly braces `{}` are used to enclose:

A) Single variable names
B) A block of statements
C) Comments
D) Import statements

29. If `temp = 0`, what does `if (temp < 0)` evaluate to?

A) true
B) false
C) 0
D) Null

30. Which control structure helps a program choose between two or more paths based on a condition?

A) Selection structure
B) Sequential structure
C) Loop structure
D) Function call

Section B: Assertion & Reason Questions (30 Marks)

Directions: Choose the correct option:

  • A: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation.
  • B: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is NOT the correct explanation.
  • C: Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  • D: Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

31. Assertion (A): Selection statements are also known as decision-making statements.
Reason (R): They transfer program control to a specific statement depending on the boolean result of a conditional expression.

32. Assertion (A): In sequential execution, statements can skip directly to the end based on user input.
Reason (R): Sequential constructs execute statements strictly one after the other with no branching.

33. Assertion (A): The condition in an `if` statement must evaluate to a boolean value.
Reason (R): Java requires boolean conditions (`true` or `false`) to determine execution flow.

34. Assertion (A): All conditions in an `if...else if...else` ladder are evaluated even if the first condition is true.
Reason (R): The ladder skips remaining checks once a true condition is encountered and its block executed.

35. Assertion (A): Modulus operator `%` returns the remainder of integer division.
Reason (R): `num % 2 == 0` evaluates to true for all even numbers.

36. Assertion (A): The relational operator `==` assigns a value to a variable.
Reason (R): `==` checks equality, whereas `=` is the assignment operator in Java.

37. Assertion (A): An `if` statement can exist without an accompanying `else` block.
Reason (R): The `else` block is optional in simple `if` selection structures.

38. Assertion (A): Logical AND (`&&`) returns true if at least one operand is true.
Reason (R): `&&` requires both expressions to be true simultaneously.

39. Assertion (A): Logical OR (`||`) returns true if either condition is true.
Reason (R): A Buzz number condition uses `||` because ending in 7 OR being divisible by 7 makes it valid.

40. Assertion (A): A number ending in 7 gives `num % 10 == 7`.
Reason (R): Modulo 10 extracts the last digit (units place) of an integer.

41. Assertion (A): `age >= 18` checks if a person is eligible to vote.
Reason (R): In India, citizens aged 18 and above possess voting rights.

42. Assertion (A): `length == breadth` tests if a rectangle is a square.
Reason (R): A square is a special rectangle with all four equal sides.

43. Assertion (A): The condition `if (a > b && a > c)` finds if `a` is the smallest of three numbers.
Reason (R): Greater-than operator (`>`) combined with `&&` ensures `a` is strictly larger than both `b` and `c`.

44. Assertion (A): Multiple `if` statements check conditions independently.
Reason (R): Independent `if` statements do not bypass subsequent checks like `if...else if` does.

45. Assertion (A): Nested `if` means placing an `if` statement inside another `if` block.
Reason (R): Inner `if` statements execute only when the outer `if` condition evaluates to true.

46. Assertion (A): `ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'` verifies an uppercase alphabet.
Reason (R): Uppercase letters in Java/ASCII lie sequentially between 'A' and 'Z'.

47. Assertion (A): The expression `a % b == 0` checks if `a` is fully divisible by `b`.
Reason (R): Zero remainder indicates exact divisibility.

48. Assertion (A): Logical NOT `!` flips `true` to `false`.
Reason (R): Unary NOT operator reverses the logical state of its operand.

49. Assertion (A): BlueJ allows writing and executing Java programs.
Reason (R): BlueJ is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) designed for learning Java.

50. Assertion (A): Indentation inside `if` blocks is strictly mandatory for BlueJ to compile.
Reason (R): Java uses curly braces `{}` to define blocks; indentation improves human readability.

51. Assertion (A): `1 = 1` is valid syntax inside an `if` condition.
Reason (R): `1 == 1` is required because `=` assigns values rather than comparing them.

52. Assertion (A): Non-zero numbers are automatically treated as true in Java conditional checks.
Reason (R): Java strict typing enforces explicit boolean expressions inside `if(...)` statements.

53. Assertion (A): `if (score >= 40) result = "Pass"; else result = "Fail";` is valid.
Reason (R): Single-statement `if-else` blocks do not strictly require curly braces `{}`.

54. Assertion (A): Checking 3 ages to find the oldest requires comparing pairs using relational operators.
Reason (R): Logical operators combine pair comparisons into single conditional expressions.

55. Assertion (A): An `else` block can exist independently without an `if` statement.
Reason (R): `else` defines alternative execution strictly paired with a preceding `if` condition.

56. Assertion (A): `a == b` and `a != b` produce opposite boolean results for any values.
Reason (R): `!=` represents logical NOT equal to operator.

57. Assertion (A): `if...else if` ladders are useful for grading systems.
Reason (R): Marks fall into continuous ranges requiring sequential condition testing.

58. Assertion (A): Executing a program with static inputs tests all conditional branches.
Reason (R): Testing different branches requires providing varied sample inputs that trigger each path.

59. Assertion (A): Real-life situations like traffic light signals utilize conditional decision logic.
Reason (R): Action rules depend on traffic light color: If red stop, else go.

60. Assertion (A): Logical operators simplify complex decision conditions.
Reason (R): They allow combining multiple sub-conditions without writing deep nested `if` statements.

Section C: Visual & Scenario Based Questions (10 Marks)

61. Identify the logic rule visual:
If today is Sunday ➔ sleep till 9 am
Else ➔ wake up at 6:30 am
What time will you wake up on Wednesday?

A) 9:00 am
B) 6:30 am
C) 8:00 am
D) 7:00 am

62. Observe the real-life decision visual:
If homework complete ➔ go out to play
Else ➔ finish homework first
If your homework is incomplete, what action should you take?

A) Go out to play
B) Finish your homework first
C) Watch TV
D) Sleep immediately

63. Look at the traffic light rule visual:
If traffic light is red ➔ stop
Else ➔ go
What do you do when the traffic light turns green?

A) Stop
B) Go
C) Wait for red
D) Turn off engine

64. Scenario Visual: Rashmi writes code to check temperature:
if (temp < 0) { System.out.println("Freezing point"); }
What is printed if `temp` equals `-5`?

A) Freezing point
B) Normal temperature
C) Hot
D) Nothing

65. Scenario Visual: Mohit designs game bonus logic:
if (score > 50) { bonus = 10; }
What bonus is awarded if `score` equals `65`?

A) 0
B) 10
C) 50
D) 65

66. Identify the reward points lookup table visual:
Points Range 81-100 ➔ Certificate + Trophy
Points Range 61-80 ➔ Certificate Only
If a student earns 85 points, what reward is granted?

A) Certificate + Trophy
B) Certificate Only
C) Total Gift
D) Needs Improvement

67. Observe the weather decision rule:
If raining ➔ take umbrella
Else ➔ wear sunglasses
If the sky is clear and sunny today, what action is selected?

A) Take umbrella
B) Wear sunglasses
C) Stay indoors
D) Wear raincoat

68. Identify the grading rule visual:
If score > 80 ➔ get chocolate
Else ➔ get smiley sticker
What reward do you get if you score 85?

A) Chocolate
B) Smiley sticker
C) Trophy
D) Nothing

69. Look at the code snippet layout:
if (a % 2 == 0) System.out.println("Even");
else System.out.println("Odd");
If `a = 14`, what is displayed?

A) Even
B) Odd
C) 14
D) 0

70. Identify the mapping chart visual:
Input: 1 ➔ Monday
Input: 7 ➔ Sunday
Which conditional structure converts numbers 1 to 7 into weekday names?

A) if...else if...else ladder
B) Sequential print statements
C) Simple addition
D) Multiplication table
Created by Bijan Krishna Paul
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