The divide-and-conquer approach
The divide-and-conquer paradigm involves three steps at each level of the recursion:
Divide the problem into a number of subproblems that are smaller instances of the
same problem.
Conquer the subproblems by solving them recursively. If the subproblem sizes are
small enough, however, just solve the subproblems in a straightforward manner.
Combine the solutions to the subproblems into the solution for the original problem.
EXAMPLE
The merge sort algorithm closely follows the divide-and-conquer paradigm. Intuitively, it operates as follows.
Divide: Divide the n-element sequence to be sorted into two subsequences of n=2
elements each.
Conquer: Sort the two subsequences recursively using merge sort.
Combine: Merge the two sorted subsequences to produce the sorted answer.
