Record Structures i) Fixed-length record

File Organization: Serial, Sequential, Indexed Sequential

Decoder and Encoder

Multiplexer (4x1) and Demultiplexer (1x4)

Half Subtractor & Full Subtractor

Half Adder & Full Adder

Simple combinational circuit design using gates and simple cases of minimization

ASCII codes for character and text representation

Different methods of Negative Number Representation

                                          i)  Signed Magnitude
                                          ii) One’s Complement
                                          iii)Two’s Complement

Simple Binary Arithmetic -- CLASS 12 COMPUTER APPLICATION THEORY