Unix Shell Programming Example for B.Sc, B.Tech, BCA, MCA

NUMBER	PROGRAM NAME	LINK
1	Use of while loop.	CLICK HERE
2	Use of for loop.	CLICK HERE
3	Leapyear checking.	CLICK HERE
4	Check a number whether it is odd positive,odd negative,even positive,even negative.	CLICK HERE
5	Find out the factorial of a number.	CLICK HERE
6	Print fibonacci series.	CLICK HERE
7	Prime number checking.	CLICK HERE
8	Print twin prime numbers within a range.	CLICK HERE
9	Check if a number is prime fibonacci.	CLICK HERE
10	Check strong number.	CLICK HERE

NETWORKING FOROUZAN QUESTION SET

Networking (Forouzan Ch-1)  - CLICK HERE

Networking (Forouzan Ch-2) - CLICK HERE

Networking (Forouzan Ch-3) - CLICK HERE

Networking (Forouzan Ch-4) - CLICK HERE

Networking (Forouzan Ch-5) - CLICK HERE

Networking (Forouzan Ch-6) - CLICK HERE

Networking (Forouzan Ch-7) - CLICK HERE

Networking (Forouzan Ch-8)

Networking (Forouzan Ch-9)

Networking (Forouzan Ch-10)

Networking (Forouzan Ch-11)

Networking (Forouzan Ch-12)

to be continued...............

Database Management Questions Set

INTRODUCTION

1.  Data vs Information.
2. Meta data,Data dictionary , component of data dictionary , active and passive data dictionaries
3. System catalog
4. Field,record,file
5. Components of database
6. DBMS-operations
7. DA, DBA , functions and responsibilities of DBA.
8. Advantage and disadvantage of file oriented system
9. Advantage and disadvantage of DBMS
10. Redundancy, Consistency, Entity integrity , referential integrity,

LANGUAGE

1.DDL

2.DML

3.DCL

4.4GL
5.SDL

ARCHITECTURE

1. Schemas, subschemas, instances

2. two tier architecture, three tier architecture(advantage and disadvantage)

3. ANSI/SPARC architecture
4. Data Independence -i ) logical  ii) physical
5. Mapping -i) internal ii) external
6. Centralized DBMS, Parallel DBMS, Distributed DBMS, Client-server DBMS, Data Warehouse ( example ,advantage, disadvantage ).

DATA MODEL 

1. Data  model - def

2. Hierarchical model- example ,advantage, disadvantage

3. Network  model- example ,advantage, disadvantage

4. Relational model- example ,advantage, disadvantage

5. Object oriented data model - example ,advantage, disadvantage

FILE ORGANISATIONS

1. RAID level

2. Master file,Transaction file

3. Buffer Management.

4. Fixed length record, variable length record- def,example,advantage,disadvantage

5. Heap file organisation - use , advantage , disadvantage

6. Sequential file organisation - use , advantage , disadvantage
7. Indexed sequential file organisation - use , advantage , disadvantage
8. Hash file organisation - use , advantage , disadvantage
9. Dynamic hashing

INDEXING

1. Ordered and un-ordered indexing

2. Sparse indexing dense indexing

3. Primary indexing, secondary indexing, cluster indexing
4. Tree based indexing
5. B-tree indexing
6. B+ tree indexing
7. inverted indexing
8. indexing vs hashing

RELATIONAL ALGEBRA AND RELATIONAL CALCULUS

1. domain,tuple

2. key - primary key, super key, candidate key, foreign key ( def , example )
3. Composite key, prime attribute

4. Relational Algebra : selection , projection , Cartesian product, union, intersection, set difference, join, natural join, outer join, left outer join, right outer join , division ( def, example)

5. Relational Calculus : tuple calculus, domain calculus, comparison with relational  algebra

SQL

1. advantage, disadvantage 

2. relationally complete

3. create table , update table , delete table 

4. modify structure of table, modify values of table

5. difference between varchar and varchar2.

6. date, to_char(),to_date()

7. in.not in

8. Group by, having
9. order by( asc or desc)
10. string functions, like, wildcard characters
11. set functions
12, aggregate functions ( sum,avg,count,....)
13. NULL values
14. Unique constraints
15. join - natural join, theta join, equi join, outer join., left outer join, right outer join.
16. Create view

17. PL/SQL

ER Diagram

1. Entities, Relationship, attributes, cardinality , constraints, Entity set(Entity type) , Entity instance.

2. Relationship - degree - unary or recursive, binary, ternary

                                   N-ary relationship

3. simple attribute, single valued attribute, multivalued attribute , composite attribute , stored attribute, derived attribute, identifier attributes
4. Participation constraints
5. Conversion from ER model to realtion
6. ER diagram symbols
7. Super Class and sub class
8. Attribute inheritence  , advantage of inheritence

Functional Dependency

1. Functional dependency diagram and examples

2. Partial dependency, Full dependency

3. Armstrong's Axioms for FD

4. Closure of a set of FD

5. Decomposition - lossy and lossless join

6. Dependency preserving decomposition

Normalaization 

1. 1NF,2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF
2. Multi valued dependencies
3. Join dependencies
4. Spurious tuples.

to be continued..............

DATA STRUCTURE

Sorting

1.  What do you mean by 'in place' sorting technique?

2. What do you mean by 'stable' sorting technique?

3.  Algorithm,C code,Average Case Complexity of Bubble sort.

4.  Algorithm,C code,Average Case Complexity of Selection sort.

5.  Algorithm,C code,Average Case Complexity of Insertion  sort.

6.  Algorithm,C code,Average Case Complexity of Radix sort.

7.  Algorithm,C code,Average Case Complexity of Merge sort.(recursive and non recursive)

8.  Algorithm,C code,Average Case Complexity of Heap sort.

9.  Algorithm,C code,Average Case,Worst Case  Complexity of Quick sort.(recursive and non recursive)
10. Algorithm of Quick sort using queue.(non-recursive)

Hashing 

1. Why Hashing?

2. How do we pick a good hash function?

3. How do we deal with collisions?

4. Different hashing technique.

5. Linear probing,Chaining.

6. Double hashing.

7. Successful and unsuccessful comparison in linear probing and quadratic probing
8. Algorithm of linear probing,quadratic probing, chaining.

CHECK CONSTRAINTS

Check

create table employee(eid number primary key , ename varchar2(30), city varchar2(30),salary number);

insert into employee values(1,'ram','kol',20000);

insert into employee values(2,'sam','goa',30000);

insert into employee values(3,'jam','delhi',40000);

create table employee2(eid number  , ename varchar2(30) check (ename like 's%'));

Table created

insert into  employee2 values(1,'sam');

1 row(s) inserted.

insert into  employee2 values(1,'ram');

ORA-02290: check constraint (SYS.SYS_C003999) violated

create table employee3(eid number  , ename varchar2(30), city varchar2(30) check(city in('kol','goa'))  ); Table created. 0.68 seconds

insert into  employee3 values(1,'ram','kol');

1 row(s) inserted.

0.07 seconds

insert into  employee3 values(2,'sam','delhi');

ORA-02290: check constraint (SYS.SYS_C004000) violated

create table employee1(eid number primary key , ename varchar2(30) check (ename like 's%'), city varchar2(30) check(city in('kol','goa')),salary number check(salary>20000)); insert into employee1 values(1,'jam','delhi',40000); ORA-02290: check constraint (SYS.SYS_C003996) violated